HADOOP-10086. User document for authentication in secure cluster. (Contributed by Masatake Iwasaki)
git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/trunk@1561776 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
This commit is contained in:
Arpit Agarwal
parent
5e2d2dd56b
commit
0be0174669
@ -571,440 +571,6 @@ $ $HADOOP_YARN_HOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh stop proxyserver --config $HADOOP_CONF_D
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$ $HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh stop historyserver --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR
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----
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* {Running Hadoop in Secure Mode}
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This section deals with important parameters to be specified in
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to run Hadoop in <<secure mode>> with strong, Kerberos-based
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authentication.
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* <<<User Accounts for Hadoop Daemons>>>
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Ensure that HDFS and YARN daemons run as different Unix users, for e.g.
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<<<hdfs>>> and <<<yarn>>>. Also, ensure that the MapReduce JobHistory
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server runs as user <<<mapred>>>.
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It's recommended to have them share a Unix group, for e.g. <<<hadoop>>>.
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*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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|| User:Group || Daemons |
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*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| hdfs:hadoop | NameNode, Secondary NameNode, Checkpoint Node, Backup Node, DataNode |
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*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| yarn:hadoop | ResourceManager, NodeManager |
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*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| mapred:hadoop | MapReduce JobHistory Server |
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*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
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* <<<Permissions for both HDFS and local fileSystem paths>>>
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The following table lists various paths on HDFS and local filesystems (on
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all nodes) and recommended permissions:
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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|| Filesystem || Path || User:Group || Permissions |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| local | <<<dfs.namenode.name.dir>>> | hdfs:hadoop | drwx------ |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| local | <<<dfs.datanode.data.dir>>> | hdfs:hadoop | drwx------ |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| local | $HADOOP_LOG_DIR | hdfs:hadoop | drwxrwxr-x |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| local | $YARN_LOG_DIR | yarn:hadoop | drwxrwxr-x |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| local | <<<yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| local | <<<yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| local | container-executor | root:hadoop | --Sr-s--- |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| local | <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>> | root:hadoop | r-------- |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| hdfs | / | hdfs:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| hdfs | /tmp | hdfs:hadoop | drwxrwxrwxt |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| hdfs | /user | hdfs:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| hdfs | <<<yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxrwxrwxt |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| hdfs | <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.intermediate-done-dir>>> | mapred:hadoop | |
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| | | | drwxrwxrwxt |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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| hdfs | <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.done-dir>>> | mapred:hadoop | |
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| | | | drwxr-x--- |
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*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
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* Kerberos Keytab files
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* HDFS
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The NameNode keytab file, on the NameNode host, should look like the
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following:
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----
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$ /usr/kerberos/bin/klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/nn.service.keytab
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Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/nn.service.keytab
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KVNO Timestamp Principal
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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----
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The Secondary NameNode keytab file, on that host, should look like the
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following:
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----
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$ /usr/kerberos/bin/klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/sn.service.keytab
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Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/sn.service.keytab
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KVNO Timestamp Principal
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 sn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 sn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 sn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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----
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The DataNode keytab file, on each host, should look like the following:
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----
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$ /usr/kerberos/bin/klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/dn.service.keytab
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Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/dn.service.keytab
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KVNO Timestamp Principal
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 dn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 dn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 dn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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----
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* YARN
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The ResourceManager keytab file, on the ResourceManager host, should look
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like the following:
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----
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$ /usr/kerberos/bin/klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/rm.service.keytab
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Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/rm.service.keytab
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KVNO Timestamp Principal
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 rm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 rm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 rm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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----
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The NodeManager keytab file, on each host, should look like the following:
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----
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$ /usr/kerberos/bin/klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/nm.service.keytab
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Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/nm.service.keytab
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KVNO Timestamp Principal
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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----
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* MapReduce JobHistory Server
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The MapReduce JobHistory Server keytab file, on that host, should look
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like the following:
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----
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$ /usr/kerberos/bin/klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/jhs.service.keytab
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Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/jhs.service.keytab
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KVNO Timestamp Principal
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 jhs/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 jhs/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 jhs/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
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4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
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----
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** Configuration in Secure Mode
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* <<<conf/core-site.xml>>>
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<hadoop.security.authentication>>> | <kerberos> | <simple> is non-secure. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<hadoop.security.authorization>>> | <true> | |
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| | | Enable RPC service-level authorization. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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* <<<conf/hdfs-site.xml>>>
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* Configurations for NameNode:
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.block.access.token.enable>>> | <true> | |
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| | | Enable HDFS block access tokens for secure operations. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.https.enable>>> | <true> | |
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| | | This value is deprecated. Use dfs.http.policy |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.http.policy>>> | <HTTP_ONLY> or <HTTPS_ONLY> or <HTTP_AND_HTTPS> | |
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| | | HTTPS_ONLY turns off http access |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.namenode.https-address>>> | <nn_host_fqdn:50470> | |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.https.port>>> | <50470> | |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.namenode.keytab.file>>> | </etc/security/keytab/nn.service.keytab> | |
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| | | Kerberos keytab file for the NameNode. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.namenode.kerberos.principal>>> | nn/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
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| | | Kerberos principal name for the NameNode. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.namenode.kerberos.https.principal>>> | host/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
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| | | HTTPS Kerberos principal name for the NameNode. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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* Configurations for Secondary NameNode:
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address>>> | <c_nn_host_fqdn:50090> | |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.https-port>>> | <50470> | |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.keytab.file>>> | | |
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| | </etc/security/keytab/sn.service.keytab> | |
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| | | Kerberos keytab file for the NameNode. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.kerberos.principal>>> | sn/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
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| | | Kerberos principal name for the Secondary NameNode. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.kerberos.https.principal>>> | | |
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| | host/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
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| | | HTTPS Kerberos principal name for the Secondary NameNode. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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* Configurations for DataNode:
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.datanode.data.dir.perm>>> | 700 | |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.datanode.address>>> | <0.0.0.0:2003> | |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.datanode.https.address>>> | <0.0.0.0:2005> | |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.datanode.keytab.file>>> | </etc/security/keytab/dn.service.keytab> | |
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| | | Kerberos keytab file for the DataNode. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.datanode.kerberos.principal>>> | dn/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
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| | | Kerberos principal name for the DataNode. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<dfs.datanode.kerberos.https.principal>>> | | |
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| | host/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
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| | | HTTPS Kerberos principal name for the DataNode. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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* <<<conf/yarn-site.xml>>>
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* WebAppProxy
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The <<<WebAppProxy>>> provides a proxy between the web applications
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exported by an application and an end user. If security is enabled
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it will warn users before accessing a potentially unsafe web application.
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Authentication and authorization using the proxy is handled just like
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any other privileged web application.
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<yarn.web-proxy.address>>> | | |
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| | <<<WebAppProxy>>> host:port for proxy to AM web apps. | |
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| | | <host:port> if this is the same as <<<yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address>>>|
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| | | or it is not defined then the <<<ResourceManager>>> will run the proxy|
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| | | otherwise a standalone proxy server will need to be launched.|
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<yarn.web-proxy.keytab>>> | | |
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| | </etc/security/keytab/web-app.service.keytab> | |
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| | | Kerberos keytab file for the WebAppProxy. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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| <<<yarn.web-proxy.principal>>> | wap/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
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| | | Kerberos principal name for the WebAppProxy. |
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*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
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* LinuxContainerExecutor
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A <<<ContainerExecutor>>> used by YARN framework which define how any
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<container> launched and controlled.
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The following are the available in Hadoop YARN:
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*--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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|| ContainerExecutor || Description |
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*--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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| <<<DefaultContainerExecutor>>> | |
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| | The default executor which YARN uses to manage container execution. |
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| | The container process has the same Unix user as the NodeManager. |
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*--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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| <<<LinuxContainerExecutor>>> | |
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| | Supported only on GNU/Linux, this executor runs the containers as either the |
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| | YARN user who submitted the application (when full security is enabled) or |
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| | as a dedicated user (defaults to nobody) when full security is not enabled. |
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| | When full security is enabled, this executor requires all user accounts to be |
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| | created on the cluster nodes where the containers are launched. It uses |
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| | a <setuid> executable that is included in the Hadoop distribution. |
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| | The NodeManager uses this executable to launch and kill containers. |
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| | The setuid executable switches to the user who has submitted the |
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| | application and launches or kills the containers. For maximum security, |
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| | this executor sets up restricted permissions and user/group ownership of |
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| | local files and directories used by the containers such as the shared |
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| | objects, jars, intermediate files, log files etc. Particularly note that, |
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| | because of this, except the application owner and NodeManager, no other |
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| | user can access any of the local files/directories including those |
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| | localized as part of the distributed cache. |
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*--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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To build the LinuxContainerExecutor executable run:
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----
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$ mvn package -Dcontainer-executor.conf.dir=/etc/hadoop/
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----
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The path passed in <<<-Dcontainer-executor.conf.dir>>> should be the
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path on the cluster nodes where a configuration file for the setuid
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executable should be located. The executable should be installed in
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$HADOOP_YARN_HOME/bin.
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The executable must have specific permissions: 6050 or --Sr-s---
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permissions user-owned by <root> (super-user) and group-owned by a
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special group (e.g. <<<hadoop>>>) of which the NodeManager Unix user is
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the group member and no ordinary application user is. If any application
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user belongs to this special group, security will be compromised. This
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special group name should be specified for the configuration property
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<<<yarn.nodemanager.linux-container-executor.group>>> in both
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<<<conf/yarn-site.xml>>> and <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>>.
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For example, let's say that the NodeManager is run as user <yarn> who is
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part of the groups users and <hadoop>, any of them being the primary group.
|
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Let also be that <users> has both <yarn> and another user
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(application submitter) <alice> as its members, and <alice> does not
|
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belong to <hadoop>. Going by the above description, the setuid/setgid
|
||||
executable should be set 6050 or --Sr-s--- with user-owner as <yarn> and
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group-owner as <hadoop> which has <yarn> as its member (and not <users>
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which has <alice> also as its member besides <yarn>).
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||||
|
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The LinuxTaskController requires that paths including and leading up to
|
||||
the directories specified in <<<yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs>>> and
|
||||
<<<yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs>>> to be set 755 permissions as described
|
||||
above in the table on permissions on directories.
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||||
* <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>>
|
||||
|
||||
The executable requires a configuration file called
|
||||
<<<container-executor.cfg>>> to be present in the configuration
|
||||
directory passed to the mvn target mentioned above.
|
||||
|
||||
The configuration file must be owned by the user running NodeManager
|
||||
(user <<<yarn>>> in the above example), group-owned by anyone and
|
||||
should have the permissions 0400 or r--------.
|
||||
|
||||
The executable requires following configuration items to be present
|
||||
in the <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>> file. The items should be
|
||||
mentioned as simple key=value pairs, one per-line:
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.linux-container-executor.group>>> | <hadoop> | |
|
||||
| | | Unix group of the NodeManager. The group owner of the |
|
||||
| | |<container-executor> binary should be this group. Should be same as the |
|
||||
| | | value with which the NodeManager is configured. This configuration is |
|
||||
| | | required for validating the secure access of the <container-executor> |
|
||||
| | | binary. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<banned.users>>> | hfds,yarn,mapred,bin | Banned users. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<allowed.system.users>>> | foo,bar | Allowed system users. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<min.user.id>>> | 1000 | Prevent other super-users. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
To re-cap, here are the local file-sysytem permissions required for the
|
||||
various paths related to the <<<LinuxContainerExecutor>>>:
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
|| Filesystem || Path || User:Group || Permissions |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | container-executor | root:hadoop | --Sr-s--- |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>> | root:hadoop | r-------- |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
* Configurations for ResourceManager:
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.resourcemanager.keytab>>> | | |
|
||||
| | </etc/security/keytab/rm.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the ResourceManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.resourcemanager.principal>>> | rm/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the ResourceManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
* Configurations for NodeManager:
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.keytab>>> | </etc/security/keytab/nm.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the NodeManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.principal>>> | nm/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the NodeManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.container-executor.class>>> | | |
|
||||
| | <<<org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.nodemanager.LinuxContainerExecutor>>> |
|
||||
| | | Use LinuxContainerExecutor. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.linux-container-executor.group>>> | <hadoop> | |
|
||||
| | | Unix group of the NodeManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
* <<<conf/mapred-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
* Configurations for MapReduce JobHistory Server:
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.address>>> | | |
|
||||
| | MapReduce JobHistory Server <host:port> | Default port is 10020. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.keytab>>> | |
|
||||
| | </etc/security/keytab/jhs.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the MapReduce JobHistory Server. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.principal>>> | jhs/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the MapReduce JobHistory Server. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* {Operating the Hadoop Cluster}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,637 @@
|
||||
~~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
|
||||
~~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
|
||||
~~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
|
||||
~~
|
||||
~~ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
~~
|
||||
~~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
~~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
~~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
~~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
~~ limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
Hadoop in Secure Mode
|
||||
---
|
||||
---
|
||||
${maven.build.timestamp}
|
||||
|
||||
%{toc|section=0|fromDepth=0|toDepth=3}
|
||||
|
||||
Hadoop in Secure Mode
|
||||
|
||||
* Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
This document describes how to configure authentication for Hadoop in
|
||||
secure mode.
|
||||
|
||||
By default Hadoop runs in non-secure mode in which no actual
|
||||
authentication is required.
|
||||
By configuring Hadoop runs in secure mode,
|
||||
each user and service needs to be authenticated by Kerberos
|
||||
in order to use Hadoop services.
|
||||
|
||||
Security features of Hadoop consist of
|
||||
{{{Authentication}authentication}},
|
||||
{{{./ServiceLevelAuth.html}service level authorization}},
|
||||
{{{./HttpAuthentication.html}authentication for Web consoles}}
|
||||
and {{{Data confidentiality}data confidenciality}}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Authentication
|
||||
|
||||
** End User Accounts
|
||||
|
||||
When service level authentication is turned on,
|
||||
end users using Hadoop in secure mode needs to be authenticated by Kerberos.
|
||||
The simplest way to do authentication is using <<<kinit>>> command of Kerberos.
|
||||
|
||||
** User Accounts for Hadoop Daemons
|
||||
|
||||
Ensure that HDFS and YARN daemons run as different Unix users,
|
||||
e.g. <<<hdfs>>> and <<<yarn>>>.
|
||||
Also, ensure that the MapReduce JobHistory server runs as
|
||||
different user such as <<<mapred>>>.
|
||||
|
||||
It's recommended to have them share a Unix group, for e.g. <<<hadoop>>>.
|
||||
See also "{{Mapping from user to group}}" for group management.
|
||||
|
||||
*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
||||
|| User:Group || Daemons |
|
||||
*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
||||
| hdfs:hadoop | NameNode, Secondary NameNode, JournalNode, DataNode |
|
||||
*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
||||
| yarn:hadoop | ResourceManager, NodeManager |
|
||||
*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
||||
| mapred:hadoop | MapReduce JobHistory Server |
|
||||
*---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
** Kerberos principals for Hadoop Daemons and Users
|
||||
|
||||
For running hadoop service daemons in Hadoop in secure mode,
|
||||
Kerberos principals are required.
|
||||
Each service reads auhenticate information saved in keytab file with appropriate permission.
|
||||
|
||||
HTTP web-consoles should be served by principal different from RPC's one.
|
||||
|
||||
Subsections below shows the examples of credentials for Hadoop services.
|
||||
|
||||
*** HDFS
|
||||
|
||||
The NameNode keytab file, on the NameNode host, should look like the
|
||||
following:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/nn.service.keytab
|
||||
Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/nn.service.keytab
|
||||
KVNO Timestamp Principal
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
The Secondary NameNode keytab file, on that host, should look like the
|
||||
following:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/sn.service.keytab
|
||||
Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/sn.service.keytab
|
||||
KVNO Timestamp Principal
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 sn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 sn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 sn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
The DataNode keytab file, on each host, should look like the following:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/dn.service.keytab
|
||||
Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/dn.service.keytab
|
||||
KVNO Timestamp Principal
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 dn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 dn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 dn/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
*** YARN
|
||||
|
||||
The ResourceManager keytab file, on the ResourceManager host, should look
|
||||
like the following:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/rm.service.keytab
|
||||
Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/rm.service.keytab
|
||||
KVNO Timestamp Principal
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 rm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 rm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 rm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
The NodeManager keytab file, on each host, should look like the following:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/nm.service.keytab
|
||||
Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/nm.service.keytab
|
||||
KVNO Timestamp Principal
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 nm/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
*** MapReduce JobHistory Server
|
||||
|
||||
The MapReduce JobHistory Server keytab file, on that host, should look
|
||||
like the following:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ klist -e -k -t /etc/security/keytab/jhs.service.keytab
|
||||
Keytab name: FILE:/etc/security/keytab/jhs.service.keytab
|
||||
KVNO Timestamp Principal
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 jhs/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 jhs/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 jhs/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-256 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (AES-128 CTS mode with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC)
|
||||
4 07/18/11 21:08:09 host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD (ArcFour with HMAC/md5)
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
** Mapping from Kerberos principal to OS user account
|
||||
|
||||
Hadoop maps Kerberos principal to OS user account using
|
||||
the rule specified by <<<hadoop.security.auth_to_local>>>
|
||||
which works in the same way as the <<<auth_to_local>>> in
|
||||
{{{http://web.mit.edu/Kerberos/krb5-latest/doc/admin/conf_files/krb5_conf.html}Kerberos configuration file (krb5.conf)}}.
|
||||
|
||||
By default, it picks the first component of principal name as a user name
|
||||
if the realms matches to the <<<defalut_realm>>> (usually defined in /etc/krb5.conf).
|
||||
For example, <<<host/full.qualified.domain.name@REALM.TLD>>> is mapped to <<<host>>>
|
||||
by default rule.
|
||||
|
||||
** Mapping from user to group
|
||||
|
||||
Though files on HDFS are associated to owner and group,
|
||||
Hadoop does not have the definition of group by itself.
|
||||
Mapping from user to group is done by OS or LDAP.
|
||||
|
||||
You can change a way of mapping by
|
||||
specifying the name of mapping provider as a value of
|
||||
<<<hadoop.security.group.mapping>>>
|
||||
See {{{../hadoop-hdfs/HdfsPermissionsGuide.html}HDFS Permissions Guide}} for details.
|
||||
|
||||
Practically you need to manage SSO environment using Kerberos with LDAP
|
||||
for Hadoop in secure mode.
|
||||
|
||||
** Proxy user
|
||||
|
||||
Some products such as Apache Oozie which access the services of Hadoop
|
||||
on behalf of end users need to be able to impersonate end users.
|
||||
You can configure proxy user using properties
|
||||
<<<hadoop.proxyuser.${superuser}.hosts>>> and <<<hadoop.proxyuser.${superuser}.groups>>>.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, by specifying as below in core-site.xml,
|
||||
user named <<<oozie>>> accessing from any host
|
||||
can impersonate any user belonging to any group.
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
<property>
|
||||
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.oozie.hosts</name>
|
||||
<value>*</value>
|
||||
</property>
|
||||
<property>
|
||||
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.oozie.groups</name>
|
||||
<value>*</value>
|
||||
</property>
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
** Secure DataNode
|
||||
|
||||
Because the data transfer protocol of DataNode
|
||||
does not use the RPC framework of Hadoop,
|
||||
DataNode must authenticate itself by
|
||||
using privileged ports which are specified by
|
||||
<<<dfs.datanode.address>>> and <<<dfs.datanode.http.address>>>.
|
||||
This authentication is based on the assumption
|
||||
that the attacker won't be able to get root privileges.
|
||||
|
||||
When you execute <<<hdfs datanode>>> command as root,
|
||||
server process binds privileged port at first,
|
||||
then drops privilege and runs as the user account specified by
|
||||
<<<HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER>>>.
|
||||
This startup process uses jsvc installed to <<<JSVC_HOME>>>.
|
||||
You must specify <<<HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER>>> and <<<JSVC_HOME>>>
|
||||
as environment variables on start up (in hadoop-env.sh).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Data confidentiality
|
||||
|
||||
** Data Encryption on RPC
|
||||
|
||||
The data transfered between hadoop services and clients.
|
||||
Setting <<<hadoop.rpc.protection>>> to <<<"privacy">>> in the core-site.xml
|
||||
activate data encryption.
|
||||
|
||||
** Data Encryption on Block data transfer.
|
||||
|
||||
You need to set <<<dfs.encrypt.data.transfer>>> to <<<"true">>> in the hdfs-site.xml
|
||||
in order to activate data encryption for data transfer protocol of DataNode.
|
||||
|
||||
** Data Encryption on HTTP
|
||||
|
||||
Data transfer between Web-console and clients are protected by using SSL(HTTPS).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
** Permissions for both HDFS and local fileSystem paths
|
||||
|
||||
The following table lists various paths on HDFS and local filesystems (on
|
||||
all nodes) and recommended permissions:
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
|| Filesystem || Path || User:Group || Permissions |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<dfs.namenode.name.dir>>> | hdfs:hadoop | drwx------ |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<dfs.datanode.data.dir>>> | hdfs:hadoop | drwx------ |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | $HADOOP_LOG_DIR | hdfs:hadoop | drwxrwxr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | $YARN_LOG_DIR | yarn:hadoop | drwxrwxr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | container-executor | root:hadoop | --Sr-s--- |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>> | root:hadoop | r-------- |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| hdfs | / | hdfs:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| hdfs | /tmp | hdfs:hadoop | drwxrwxrwxt |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| hdfs | /user | hdfs:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| hdfs | <<<yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxrwxrwxt |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| hdfs | <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.intermediate-done-dir>>> | mapred:hadoop | |
|
||||
| | | | drwxrwxrwxt |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| hdfs | <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.done-dir>>> | mapred:hadoop | |
|
||||
| | | | drwxr-x--- |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
** Common Configurations
|
||||
|
||||
In order to turn on RPC authentication in hadoop,
|
||||
set the value of <<<hadoop.security.authentication>>> property to
|
||||
<<<"kerberos">>>, and set security related settings listed below appropriately.
|
||||
|
||||
The following properties should be in the <<<core-site.xml>>> of all the
|
||||
nodes in the cluster.
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<hadoop.security.authentication>>> | <kerberos> | |
|
||||
| | | <<<simple>>> : No authentication. (default) \
|
||||
| | | <<<kerberos>>> : Enable authentication by Kerberos. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<hadoop.security.authorization>>> | <true> | |
|
||||
| | | Enable {{{./ServiceLevelAuth.html}RPC service-level authorization}}. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<hadoop.rpc.protection>>> | <authentication> |
|
||||
| | | <authentication> : authentication only (default) \
|
||||
| | | <integrity> : integrity check in addition to authentication \
|
||||
| | | <privacy> : data encryption in addition to integrity |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<hadoop.security.auth_to_local>>> | | |
|
||||
| | <<<RULE:>>><exp1>\
|
||||
| | <<<RULE:>>><exp2>\
|
||||
| | <...>\
|
||||
| | DEFAULT |
|
||||
| | | The value is string containing new line characters.
|
||||
| | | See
|
||||
| | | {{{http://web.mit.edu/Kerberos/krb5-latest/doc/admin/conf_files/krb5_conf.html}Kerberos documentation}}
|
||||
| | | for format for <exp>.
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<hadoop.proxyuser.>>><superuser><<<.hosts>>> | | |
|
||||
| | | comma separated hosts from which <superuser> access are allowd to impersonation. |
|
||||
| | | <<<*>>> means wildcard. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<hadoop.proxyuser.>>><superuser><<<.groups>>> | | |
|
||||
| | | comma separated groups to which users impersonated by <superuser> belongs. |
|
||||
| | | <<<*>>> means wildcard. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/core-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
** NameNode
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.block.access.token.enable>>> | <true> | |
|
||||
| | | Enable HDFS block access tokens for secure operations. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.https.enable>>> | <true> | |
|
||||
| | | This value is deprecated. Use dfs.http.policy |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.http.policy>>> | <HTTP_ONLY> or <HTTPS_ONLY> or <HTTP_AND_HTTPS> | |
|
||||
| | | HTTPS_ONLY turns off http access |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.namenode.https-address>>> | <nn_host_fqdn:50470> | |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.https.port>>> | <50470> | |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.namenode.keytab.file>>> | </etc/security/keytab/nn.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the NameNode. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.namenode.kerberos.principal>>> | nn/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the NameNode. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.namenode.kerberos.https.principal>>> | host/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | HTTPS Kerberos principal name for the NameNode. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/hdfs-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
** Secondary NameNode
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address>>> | <c_nn_host_fqdn:50090> | |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.https-port>>> | <50470> | |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.keytab.file>>> | | |
|
||||
| | </etc/security/keytab/sn.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the NameNode. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.kerberos.principal>>> | sn/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the Secondary NameNode. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.namenode.secondary.kerberos.https.principal>>> | | |
|
||||
| | host/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | HTTPS Kerberos principal name for the Secondary NameNode. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/hdfs-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
** DataNode
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.datanode.data.dir.perm>>> | 700 | |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.datanode.address>>> | <0.0.0.0:1004> | |
|
||||
| | | Secure DataNode must use privileged port |
|
||||
| | | in order to assure that the server was started securely. |
|
||||
| | | This means that the server must be started via jsvc. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.datanode.http.address>>> | <0.0.0.0:1006> | |
|
||||
| | | Secure DataNode must use privileged port |
|
||||
| | | in order to assure that the server was started securely. |
|
||||
| | | This means that the server must be started via jsvc. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.datanode.https.address>>> | <0.0.0.0:50470> | |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.datanode.keytab.file>>> | </etc/security/keytab/dn.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the DataNode. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.datanode.kerberos.principal>>> | dn/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the DataNode. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.datanode.kerberos.https.principal>>> | | |
|
||||
| | host/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | HTTPS Kerberos principal name for the DataNode. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.encrypt.data.transfer>>> | <false> | |
|
||||
| | | set to <<<true>>> when using data encryption |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/hdfs-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
** WebHDFS
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.webhdfs.enabled>>> | http/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Enable security on WebHDFS. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.web.authentication.kerberos.principal>>> | http/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the WebHDFS. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<dfs.web.authentication.kerberos.keytab>>> | </etc/security/keytab/http.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for WebHDFS. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/hdfs-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
** ResourceManager
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.resourcemanager.keytab>>> | | |
|
||||
| | </etc/security/keytab/rm.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the ResourceManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.resourcemanager.principal>>> | rm/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the ResourceManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/yarn-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
** NodeManager
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.keytab>>> | </etc/security/keytab/nm.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the NodeManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.principal>>> | nm/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the NodeManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.container-executor.class>>> | | |
|
||||
| | <<<org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.nodemanager.LinuxContainerExecutor>>> |
|
||||
| | | Use LinuxContainerExecutor. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.linux-container-executor.group>>> | <hadoop> | |
|
||||
| | | Unix group of the NodeManager. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.linux-container-executor.path>>> | </path/to/bin/container-executor> | |
|
||||
| | | The path to the executable of Linux container executor. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/yarn-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
** Configuration for WebAppProxy
|
||||
|
||||
The <<<WebAppProxy>>> provides a proxy between the web applications
|
||||
exported by an application and an end user. If security is enabled
|
||||
it will warn users before accessing a potentially unsafe web application.
|
||||
Authentication and authorization using the proxy is handled just like
|
||||
any other privileged web application.
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.web-proxy.address>>> | | |
|
||||
| | <<<WebAppProxy>>> host:port for proxy to AM web apps. | |
|
||||
| | | <host:port> if this is the same as <<<yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address>>>|
|
||||
| | | or it is not defined then the <<<ResourceManager>>> will run the proxy|
|
||||
| | | otherwise a standalone proxy server will need to be launched.|
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.web-proxy.keytab>>> | | |
|
||||
| | </etc/security/keytab/web-app.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the WebAppProxy. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.web-proxy.principal>>> | wap/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the WebAppProxy. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/yarn-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
** LinuxContainerExecutor
|
||||
|
||||
A <<<ContainerExecutor>>> used by YARN framework which define how any
|
||||
<container> launched and controlled.
|
||||
|
||||
The following are the available in Hadoop YARN:
|
||||
|
||||
*--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
|
||||
|| ContainerExecutor || Description |
|
||||
*--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<DefaultContainerExecutor>>> | |
|
||||
| | The default executor which YARN uses to manage container execution. |
|
||||
| | The container process has the same Unix user as the NodeManager. |
|
||||
*--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<LinuxContainerExecutor>>> | |
|
||||
| | Supported only on GNU/Linux, this executor runs the containers as either the |
|
||||
| | YARN user who submitted the application (when full security is enabled) or |
|
||||
| | as a dedicated user (defaults to nobody) when full security is not enabled. |
|
||||
| | When full security is enabled, this executor requires all user accounts to be |
|
||||
| | created on the cluster nodes where the containers are launched. It uses |
|
||||
| | a <setuid> executable that is included in the Hadoop distribution. |
|
||||
| | The NodeManager uses this executable to launch and kill containers. |
|
||||
| | The setuid executable switches to the user who has submitted the |
|
||||
| | application and launches or kills the containers. For maximum security, |
|
||||
| | this executor sets up restricted permissions and user/group ownership of |
|
||||
| | local files and directories used by the containers such as the shared |
|
||||
| | objects, jars, intermediate files, log files etc. Particularly note that, |
|
||||
| | because of this, except the application owner and NodeManager, no other |
|
||||
| | user can access any of the local files/directories including those |
|
||||
| | localized as part of the distributed cache. |
|
||||
*--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
To build the LinuxContainerExecutor executable run:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ mvn package -Dcontainer-executor.conf.dir=/etc/hadoop/
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
The path passed in <<<-Dcontainer-executor.conf.dir>>> should be the
|
||||
path on the cluster nodes where a configuration file for the setuid
|
||||
executable should be located. The executable should be installed in
|
||||
$HADOOP_YARN_HOME/bin.
|
||||
|
||||
The executable must have specific permissions: 6050 or --Sr-s---
|
||||
permissions user-owned by <root> (super-user) and group-owned by a
|
||||
special group (e.g. <<<hadoop>>>) of which the NodeManager Unix user is
|
||||
the group member and no ordinary application user is. If any application
|
||||
user belongs to this special group, security will be compromised. This
|
||||
special group name should be specified for the configuration property
|
||||
<<<yarn.nodemanager.linux-container-executor.group>>> in both
|
||||
<<<conf/yarn-site.xml>>> and <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>>.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, let's say that the NodeManager is run as user <yarn> who is
|
||||
part of the groups users and <hadoop>, any of them being the primary group.
|
||||
Let also be that <users> has both <yarn> and another user
|
||||
(application submitter) <alice> as its members, and <alice> does not
|
||||
belong to <hadoop>. Going by the above description, the setuid/setgid
|
||||
executable should be set 6050 or --Sr-s--- with user-owner as <yarn> and
|
||||
group-owner as <hadoop> which has <yarn> as its member (and not <users>
|
||||
which has <alice> also as its member besides <yarn>).
|
||||
|
||||
The LinuxTaskController requires that paths including and leading up to
|
||||
the directories specified in <<<yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs>>> and
|
||||
<<<yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs>>> to be set 755 permissions as described
|
||||
above in the table on permissions on directories.
|
||||
|
||||
* <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>>
|
||||
|
||||
The executable requires a configuration file called
|
||||
<<<container-executor.cfg>>> to be present in the configuration
|
||||
directory passed to the mvn target mentioned above.
|
||||
|
||||
The configuration file must be owned by the user running NodeManager
|
||||
(user <<<yarn>>> in the above example), group-owned by anyone and
|
||||
should have the permissions 0400 or r--------.
|
||||
|
||||
The executable requires following configuration items to be present
|
||||
in the <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>> file. The items should be
|
||||
mentioned as simple key=value pairs, one per-line:
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<yarn.nodemanager.linux-container-executor.group>>> | <hadoop> | |
|
||||
| | | Unix group of the NodeManager. The group owner of the |
|
||||
| | |<container-executor> binary should be this group. Should be same as the |
|
||||
| | | value with which the NodeManager is configured. This configuration is |
|
||||
| | | required for validating the secure access of the <container-executor> |
|
||||
| | | binary. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<banned.users>>> | hfds,yarn,mapred,bin | Banned users. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<allowed.system.users>>> | foo,bar | Allowed system users. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<min.user.id>>> | 1000 | Prevent other super-users. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/yarn-site.xml>>>
|
||||
|
||||
To re-cap, here are the local file-sysytem permissions required for the
|
||||
various paths related to the <<<LinuxContainerExecutor>>>:
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
|| Filesystem || Path || User:Group || Permissions |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | container-executor | root:hadoop | --Sr-s--- |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<conf/container-executor.cfg>>> | root:hadoop | r-------- |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
| local | <<<yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs>>> | yarn:hadoop | drwxr-xr-x |
|
||||
*-------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+
|
||||
|
||||
** MapReduce JobHistory Server
|
||||
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
|| Parameter || Value || Notes |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.address>>> | | |
|
||||
| | MapReduce JobHistory Server <host:port> | Default port is 10020. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.keytab>>> | |
|
||||
| | </etc/security/keytab/jhs.service.keytab> | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos keytab file for the MapReduce JobHistory Server. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
| <<<mapreduce.jobhistory.principal>>> | jhs/_HOST@REALM.TLD | |
|
||||
| | | Kerberos principal name for the MapReduce JobHistory Server. |
|
||||
*-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+
|
||||
Configuration for <<<conf/mapred-site.xml>>>
|
||||
@ -979,6 +979,9 @@ Release 2.3.0 - UNRELEASED
|
||||
HDFS-5677. Need error checking for HA cluster configuration.
|
||||
(Vincent Sheffer via cos)
|
||||
|
||||
HADOOP-10086. User document for authentication in secure cluster.
|
||||
(Masatake Iwasaki via Arpit Agarwal)
|
||||
|
||||
OPTIMIZATIONS
|
||||
|
||||
BUG FIXES
|
||||
|
||||
@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
|
||||
<item name="CLI Mini Cluster" href="hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/CLIMiniCluster.html"/>
|
||||
<item name="Native Libraries" href="hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/NativeLibraries.html"/>
|
||||
<item name="Superusers" href="hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/Superusers.html"/>
|
||||
<item name="Secure Mode" href="hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/SecureMode.html"/>
|
||||
<item name="Service Level Authorization" href="hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/ServiceLevelAuth.html"/>
|
||||
<item name="HTTP Authentication" href="hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/HttpAuthentication.html"/>
|
||||
</menu>
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user