HDFS-15520 Use visitor pattern to visit namespace tree (#2203)

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/INode.java

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeReference.WithCount;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeReference.WithName;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.Snapshot;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.visitor.NamespaceVisitor;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util.Diff;
 import org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException;
 import org.apache.hadoop.util.ChunkedArrayList;
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ final boolean isRoot() {
   }
 
   /** Get the {@link PermissionStatus} */
-  abstract PermissionStatus getPermissionStatus(int snapshotId);
+  public abstract PermissionStatus getPermissionStatus(int snapshotId);
 
   /** The same as getPermissionStatus(null). */
   final PermissionStatus getPermissionStatus() {
@@ -1123,6 +1124,14 @@ public void clear() {
     }
   }
 
+  /** Accept a visitor to visit this {@link INode}. */
+  public void accept(NamespaceVisitor visitor, int snapshot) {
+    final Class<?> clazz = visitor != null? visitor.getClass()
+        : NamespaceVisitor.class;
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(getClass().getSimpleName()
+        + " does not support " + clazz.getSimpleName());
+  }
+
   /** 
    * INode feature such as {@link FileUnderConstructionFeature}
    * and {@link DirectoryWithQuotaFeature}.

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/INodeDirectory.java

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.SnapshotException;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.blockmanagement.BlockStoragePolicySuite;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeReference.WithCount;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.visitor.NamespaceVisitor;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DirectorySnapshottableFeature;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature.DirectoryDiffList;
@@ -996,6 +997,11 @@ public SnapshotAndINode(int snapshot, INode inode) {
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public void accept(NamespaceVisitor visitor, int snapshot) {
+    visitor.visitDirectoryRecursively(this, snapshot);
+  }
+
   public final int getChildrenNum(final int snapshotId) {
     return getChildrenList(snapshotId).size();
   }

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/INodeFile.java

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.FileWithSnapshotFeature;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.Snapshot;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DiffList;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.visitor.NamespaceVisitor;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util.LongBitFormat;
 import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils;
 import static org.apache.hadoop.io.erasurecode.ErasureCodeConstants.REPLICATION_POLICY_ID;
@@ -1111,6 +1112,11 @@ public void dumpTreeRecursively(PrintWriter out, StringBuilder prefix,
     out.println();
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public void accept(NamespaceVisitor visitor, int snapshot) {
+    visitor.visitFile(this, snapshot);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Remove full blocks at the end file up to newLength
    * @return sum of sizes of the remained blocks

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/INodeReference.java

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.Snapshot;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.visitor.NamespaceVisitor;
 import org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException;
 
 /**
@@ -369,6 +370,11 @@ public void dumpTreeRecursively(PrintWriter out, StringBuilder prefix,
     getReferredINode().dumpTreeRecursively(out, b, snapshot);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public void accept(NamespaceVisitor visitor, int snapshot) {
+    visitor.visitReferenceRecursively(this, snapshot);
+  }
+
   public int getDstSnapshotId() {
     return Snapshot.CURRENT_STATE_ID;
   }
@@ -399,7 +405,7 @@ public WithCount(INodeReference parent, INode referred) {
       INodeReferenceValidation.add(this, WithCount.class);
     }
 
-    private String getCountDetails() {
+    public String getCountDetails() {
       final StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder("[");
       if (!withNameList.isEmpty()) {
         final Iterator<WithName> i = withNameList.iterator();

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/INodeSymlink.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSUtil;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.blockmanagement.BlockStoragePolicySuite;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.Snapshot;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.visitor.NamespaceVisitor;
 
 /**
  * An {@link INode} representing a symbolic link.
@@ -104,7 +105,13 @@ public ContentSummaryComputationContext computeContentSummary(int snapshotId,
   public void dumpTreeRecursively(PrintWriter out, StringBuilder prefix,
       final int snapshot) {
     super.dumpTreeRecursively(out, prefix, snapshot);
-    out.println();
+    out.print(" ~> ");
+    out.println(getSymlinkString());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void accept(NamespaceVisitor visitor, int snapshot) {
+    visitor.visitSymlink(this, snapshot);
   }
 
   @Override

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/INodeWithAdditionalFields.java

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ final void clonePermissionStatus(INodeWithAdditionalFields that) {
   }
 
   @Override
-  final PermissionStatus getPermissionStatus(int snapshotId) {
+  public final PermissionStatus getPermissionStatus(int snapshotId) {
     return new PermissionStatus(getUserName(snapshotId), getGroupName(snapshotId),
         getFsPermission(snapshotId));
   }

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/snapshot/DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature.java

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ void setSnapshotRoot(INodeDirectoryAttributes root) {
       this.isSnapshotRoot = true;
     }
     
-    boolean isSnapshotRoot() {
+    public boolean isSnapshotRoot() {
       return isSnapshotRoot;
     }
 

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/visitor/NamespacePrintVisitor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.visitor;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.blockmanagement.BlockInfo;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.DirectoryWithQuotaFeature;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INode;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeDirectory;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeFile;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeReference;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeSymlink;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DirectorySnapshottableFeature;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature.DirectoryDiff;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.FileWithSnapshotFeature;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.Snapshot;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
+/**
+ * To print the namespace tree recursively for testing.
+ *
+ *      \- foo   (INodeDirectory@33dd2717)
+ *        \- sub1   (INodeDirectory@442172)
+ *          +- file1   (INodeFile@78392d4)
+ *          +- file2   (INodeFile@78392d5)
+ *          +- sub11   (INodeDirectory@8400cff)
+ *            \- file3   (INodeFile@78392d6)
+ *          \- z_file4   (INodeFile@45848712)
+ */
+public class NamespacePrintVisitor implements NamespaceVisitor {
+  static final String NON_LAST_ITEM = "+-";
+  static final String LAST_ITEM = "\\-";
+
+  /** Print the tree from the given root to a {@link File}. */
+  public static void print2File(INode root, File f) throws IOException {
+    try(final PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(f), true)) {
+      new NamespacePrintVisitor(out).print(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @return string of the tree in the given {@link FSNamesystem}. */
+  public static String print2Sting(FSNamesystem ns) {
+    return print2Sting(ns.getFSDirectory().getRoot());
+  }
+
+  /** @return string of the tree from the given root. */
+  public static String print2Sting(INode root) {
+    final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
+    new NamespacePrintVisitor(new PrintWriter(out)).print(root);
+    return out.getBuffer().toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Print the tree in the given {@link FSNamesystem}
+   * to the given {@link PrintStream}.
+   */
+  public static void print(FSNamesystem ns, PrintStream out) {
+    new NamespacePrintVisitor(new PrintWriter(out)).print(ns);
+  }
+
+  private final PrintWriter out;
+  private final StringBuffer prefix = new StringBuffer();
+
+  private NamespacePrintVisitor(PrintWriter out) {
+    this.out = out;
+  }
+
+  private void print(FSNamesystem namesystem) {
+    print(namesystem.getFSDirectory().getRoot());
+  }
+
+  private void print(INode root) {
+    root.accept(this, Snapshot.CURRENT_STATE_ID);
+  }
+
+  private void printINode(INode iNode, int snapshot) {
+    out.print(prefix);
+    out.print(" ");
+    final String name = iNode.getLocalName();
+    out.print(name != null && name.isEmpty()? "/": name);
+    out.print("   (");
+    out.print(iNode.getObjectString());
+    out.print("), ");
+    out.print(iNode.getParentString());
+    out.print(", " + iNode.getPermissionStatus(snapshot));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void visitFile(INodeFile file, int snapshot) {
+    printINode(file, snapshot);
+
+    out.print(", fileSize=" + file.computeFileSize(snapshot));
+    // print only the first block, if it exists
+    out.print(", blocks=");
+    final BlockInfo[] blocks = file.getBlocks();
+    out.print(blocks.length == 0 ? null: blocks[0]);
+    out.println();
+
+    final FileWithSnapshotFeature snapshotFeature
+        = file.getFileWithSnapshotFeature();
+    if (snapshotFeature != null) {
+      if (prefix.length() >= 2) {
+        prefix.setLength(prefix.length() - 2);
+        prefix.append("  ");
+      }
+      out.print(prefix);
+      out.print(snapshotFeature);
+    }
+    out.println();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void visitSymlink(INodeSymlink symlink, int snapshot) {
+    printINode(symlink, snapshot);
+    out.print(" ~> ");
+    out.println(symlink.getSymlinkString());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void visitReference(INodeReference ref, int snapshot) {
+    printINode(ref, snapshot);
+
+    if (ref instanceof INodeReference.DstReference) {
+      out.print(", dstSnapshotId=" + ref.getDstSnapshotId());
+    } else if (ref instanceof INodeReference.WithCount) {
+      out.print(", " + ((INodeReference.WithCount)ref).getCountDetails());
+    }
+    out.println();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void preVisitReferred(INode referred) {
+    prefix.setLength(prefix.length() - 2);
+    prefix.append("  ->");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void postVisitReferred(INode referred) {
+    prefix.setLength(prefix.length() - 2);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void visitDirectory(INodeDirectory dir, int snapshot) {
+    printINode(dir, snapshot);
+
+    out.print(", childrenSize=" + dir.getChildrenList(snapshot).size());
+    final DirectoryWithQuotaFeature q = dir.getDirectoryWithQuotaFeature();
+    if (q != null) {
+      out.print(", " + q);
+    }
+    if (dir instanceof Snapshot.Root) {
+      out.print(", snapshotId=" + snapshot);
+    }
+    out.println();
+
+    if (prefix.length() >= 2) {
+      prefix.setLength(prefix.length() - 2);
+      prefix.append("  ");
+    }
+
+    final DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature snapshotFeature
+        = dir.getDirectoryWithSnapshotFeature();
+    if (snapshotFeature != null) {
+      out.print(prefix);
+      out.print(snapshotFeature);
+    }
+    out.println();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void visitSnapshottable(INodeDirectory dir,
+      DirectorySnapshottableFeature snapshottable) {
+    out.println();
+    out.print(prefix);
+
+    out.print("Snapshot of ");
+    final String name = dir.getLocalName();
+    out.print(name != null && name.isEmpty()? "/": name);
+    out.print(": quota=");
+    out.print(snapshottable.getSnapshotQuota());
+
+    int n = 0;
+    for(DirectoryDiff diff : snapshottable.getDiffs()) {
+      if (diff.isSnapshotRoot()) {
+        n++;
+      }
+    }
+    final int numSnapshots = snapshottable.getNumSnapshots();
+    Preconditions.checkState(n == numSnapshots,
+        "numSnapshots = " + numSnapshots + " != " + n);
+    out.print(", #snapshot=");
+    out.println(n);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void preVisitSub(Element sub, int index, boolean isLast) {
+    prefix.append(isLast? LAST_ITEM : NON_LAST_ITEM);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void postVisitSub(Element sub, int index, boolean isLast) {
+    prefix.setLength(prefix.length() - 2);
+  }
+}

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/visitor/NamespaceVisitor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.visitor;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INode;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeDirectory;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeFile;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeReference;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.INodeSymlink;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DirectorySnapshottableFeature;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.Snapshot;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+/**
+ * For visiting namespace trees.
+ */
+public interface NamespaceVisitor {
+  /** For visiting any {@link INode}. */
+  interface INodeVisitor {
+    INodeVisitor DEFAULT = new INodeVisitor() {};
+
+    /** Visiting the given {@link INode}. */
+    default void visit(INode iNode, int snapshot) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @return the default (non-recursive) {@link INodeVisitor}. */
+  default INodeVisitor getDefaultVisitor() {
+    return INodeVisitor.DEFAULT;
+  }
+
+  /** Visiting the given {@link INodeFile}. */
+  default void visitFile(INodeFile file, int snapshot) {
+    getDefaultVisitor().visit(file, snapshot);
+  }
+
+  /** Visiting the given {@link INodeSymlink}. */
+  default void visitSymlink(INodeSymlink symlink, int snapshot) {
+    getDefaultVisitor().visit(symlink, snapshot);
+  }
+
+  /** Visiting the given {@link INodeReference} (non-recursively). */
+  default void visitReference(INodeReference ref, int snapshot) {
+    getDefaultVisitor().visit(ref, snapshot);
+  }
+
+  /** First visit the given {@link INodeReference} and then the referred. */
+  default void visitReferenceRecursively(INodeReference ref, int snapshot) {
+    visitReference(ref, snapshot);
+
+    final INode referred = ref.getReferredINode();
+    preVisitReferred(referred);
+    referred.accept(this, snapshot);
+    postVisitReferred(referred);
+  }
+
+  /** Right before visiting the given referred {@link INode}. */
+  default void preVisitReferred(INode referred) {
+  }
+
+  /** Right after visiting the given referred {@link INode}. */
+  default void postVisitReferred(INode referred) {
+  }
+
+  /** Visiting the given {@link INodeDirectory} (non-recursively). */
+  default void visitDirectory(INodeDirectory dir, int snapshot) {
+    getDefaultVisitor().visit(dir, snapshot);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * First visit the given {@link INodeDirectory};
+   * then the children;
+   * and then, if snapshottable, the snapshots. */
+  default void visitDirectoryRecursively(INodeDirectory dir, int snapshot) {
+    visitDirectory(dir, snapshot);
+    visitSubs(getChildren(dir, snapshot));
+
+    if (snapshot == Snapshot.CURRENT_STATE_ID) {
+      final DirectorySnapshottableFeature snapshottable
+          = dir.getDirectorySnapshottableFeature();
+      if (snapshottable != null) {
+        visitSnapshottable(dir, snapshottable);
+        visitSubs(getSnapshots(snapshottable));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Right before visiting the given sub {@link Element}.
+   * The sub element may be a child of an {@link INodeDirectory}
+   * or a snapshot in {@link DirectorySnapshottableFeature}.
+   *
+   * @param sub the element to be visited.
+   * @param index the index of the sub element.
+   * @param isLast is the sub element the last element?
+   */
+  default void preVisitSub(Element sub, int index, boolean isLast) {
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Right after visiting the given sub {@link Element}.
+   * The sub element may be a child of an {@link INodeDirectory}
+   * or a snapshot in {@link DirectorySnapshottableFeature}.
+   *
+   * @param sub the element just visited.
+   * @param index the index of the sub element.
+   * @param isLast is the sub element the last element?
+   */
+  default void postVisitSub(Element sub, int index, boolean isLast) {
+  }
+
+  /** Visiting a {@link DirectorySnapshottableFeature}. */
+  default void visitSnapshottable(INodeDirectory dir,
+      DirectorySnapshottableFeature snapshottable) {
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Visiting the sub {@link Element}s recursively.
+   *
+   * @param subs the children of an {@link INodeDirectory}
+   *             or the snapshots in {@link DirectorySnapshottableFeature}.
+   */
+  default void visitSubs(Iterable<Element> subs) {
+    if (subs == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    int index = 0;
+    for(final Iterator<Element> i = subs.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
+      final Element e = i.next();
+      final boolean isList = !i.hasNext();
+      preVisitSub(e, index, isList);
+      e.getInode().accept(this, e.getSnapshotId());
+      postVisitSub(e, index, isList);
+      index++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @return the children as {@link Element}s. */
+  static Iterable<Element> getChildren(INodeDirectory dir, int snapshot) {
+    final Iterator<INode> i = dir.getChildrenList(snapshot).iterator();
+    return new Iterable<Element>() {
+      @Override
+      public Iterator<Element> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<Element>() {
+          @Override
+          public boolean hasNext() {
+            return i.hasNext();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public Element next() {
+            return new Element(snapshot, i.next());
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void remove() {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** @return the snapshots as {@link Element}s. */
+  static Iterable<Element> getSnapshots(
+      DirectorySnapshottableFeature snapshottable) {
+    final Iterator<DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature.DirectoryDiff> i
+        = snapshottable.getDiffs().iterator();
+    return new Iterable<Element>() {
+      @Override
+      public Iterator<Element> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<Element>() {
+          private DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature.DirectoryDiff next = findNext();
+
+          private DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature.DirectoryDiff findNext() {
+            for(; i.hasNext();) {
+              final DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature.DirectoryDiff diff = i.next();
+              if (diff.isSnapshotRoot()) {
+                return diff;
+              }
+            }
+            return null;
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public boolean hasNext() {
+            return next != null;
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public Element next() {
+            final int id = next.getSnapshotId();
+            final Element e = new Element(id,
+                snapshottable.getSnapshotById(id).getRoot());
+            next = findNext();
+            return e;
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void remove() {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Snapshot and INode. */
+  class Element {
+    private final int snapshotId;
+    private final INode inode;
+
+    Element(int snapshot, INode inode) {
+      this.snapshotId = snapshot;
+      this.inode = inode;
+    }
+
+    INode getInode() {
+      return inode;
+    }
+
+    int getSnapshotId() {
+      return snapshotId;
+    }
+  }
+}

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/visitor/package.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+-->
+<body>
+<p>Use the visitor pattern to visit namespace tree.</p>
+</body>
+</html>

hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs/src/test/java/org/apache/hadoop/hdfs/server/namenode/TestFSImageWithSnapshot.java

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.DirectoryWithSnapshotFeature.DirectoryDiff;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.Snapshot;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.snapshot.SnapshotTestHelper;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.visitor.NamespacePrintVisitor;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util.Canceler;
 import org.apache.hadoop.test.GenericTestUtils;
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -607,6 +608,9 @@ String printTree(String label) throws Exception {
     final String b =
         fsn.getFSDirectory().getINode("/").dumpTreeRecursively().toString();
     output.println(b);
+
+    final String s = NamespacePrintVisitor.print2Sting(fsn);
+    Assert.assertEquals(b, s);
     return b;
   }