HDFS-16396. Reconfig slow peer parameters for datanode (#3827)

Reviewed-by: Ayush Saxena <ayushsaxena@apache.org>
(cherry picked from commit 0c194f2157)
This commit is contained in:
litao 2022-02-15 12:40:46 +08:00 committed by Takanobu Asanuma
parent 4c57fb4d6b
commit db67952f9f
9 changed files with 230 additions and 20 deletions

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@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ HeartbeatResponse sendHeartBeat(boolean requestBlockReportLease)
volumeFailureSummary.getFailedStorageLocations().length : 0;
final boolean outliersReportDue = scheduler.isOutliersReportDue(now);
final SlowPeerReports slowPeers =
outliersReportDue && dn.getPeerMetrics() != null ?
outliersReportDue && dnConf.peerStatsEnabled && dn.getPeerMetrics() != null ?
SlowPeerReports.create(dn.getPeerMetrics().getOutliers()) :
SlowPeerReports.EMPTY_REPORT;
final SlowDiskReports slowDisks =

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@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ private int receivePacket() throws IOException {
*/
private void trackSendPacketToLastNodeInPipeline(final long elapsedMs) {
final DataNodePeerMetrics peerMetrics = datanode.getPeerMetrics();
if (peerMetrics != null && isPenultimateNode) {
if (datanode.getDnConf().peerStatsEnabled && peerMetrics != null && isPenultimateNode) {
peerMetrics.addSendPacketDownstream(mirrorNameForMetrics, elapsedMs);
}
}
@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ private void initPerfMonitoring(DatanodeInfo[] downstreams) {
if (downstreams != null && downstreams.length > 0) {
downstreamDNs = downstreams;
isPenultimateNode = (downstreams.length == 1);
if (isPenultimateNode && datanode.getPeerMetrics() != null) {
if (isPenultimateNode && datanode.getDnConf().peerStatsEnabled) {
mirrorNameForMetrics = (downstreams[0].getInfoSecurePort() != 0 ?
downstreams[0].getInfoSecureAddr() : downstreams[0].getInfoAddr());
LOG.debug("Will collect peer metrics for downstream node {}",

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@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public class DNConf {
private final long lifelineIntervalMs;
volatile long blockReportInterval;
volatile long blockReportSplitThreshold;
final boolean peerStatsEnabled;
volatile boolean peerStatsEnabled;
final boolean diskStatsEnabled;
final long outliersReportIntervalMs;
final long ibrInterval;
@ -507,4 +507,8 @@ void setInitBRDelayMs(String delayMs) {
dn.getConf().set(DFS_BLOCKREPORT_INITIAL_DELAY_KEY, delayMs);
initBlockReportDelay();
}
void setPeerStatsEnabled(boolean enablePeerStats) {
peerStatsEnabled = enablePeerStats;
}
}

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@ -44,11 +44,19 @@
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MAX_RECEIVER_THREADS_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MAX_RECEIVER_THREADS_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_NETWORK_COUNTS_CACHE_MAX_SIZE_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_NETWORK_COUNTS_CACHE_MAX_SIZE_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_OOB_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_OOB_TIMEOUT_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_PLUGINS_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_STARTUP_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_BALANCE_MAX_NUM_CONCURRENT_MOVES_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_BALANCE_MAX_NUM_CONCURRENT_MOVES_DEFAULT;
@ -319,7 +327,11 @@ public class DataNode extends ReconfigurableBase
DFS_BLOCKREPORT_SPLIT_THRESHOLD_KEY,
DFS_BLOCKREPORT_INITIAL_DELAY_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_MAX_RECEIVER_THREADS_KEY,
DFS_CACHEREPORT_INTERVAL_MSEC_KEY));
DFS_CACHEREPORT_INTERVAL_MSEC_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY));
public static final Log METRICS_LOG = LogFactory.getLog("DataNodeMetricsLog");
@ -361,7 +373,7 @@ public static InetSocketAddress createSocketAddr(String target) {
DataNodeMetrics metrics;
@Nullable
private DataNodePeerMetrics peerMetrics;
private volatile DataNodePeerMetrics peerMetrics;
private DataNodeDiskMetrics diskMetrics;
private InetSocketAddress streamingAddr;
@ -633,6 +645,11 @@ public String reconfigurePropertyImpl(String property, String newVal)
return reconfDataXceiverParameters(property, newVal);
case DFS_CACHEREPORT_INTERVAL_MSEC_KEY:
return reconfCacheReportParameters(property, newVal);
case DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY:
case DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY:
case DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY:
case DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY:
return reconfSlowPeerParameters(property, newVal);
default:
break;
}
@ -712,6 +729,53 @@ private String reconfBlockReportParameters(String property, String newVal)
}
}
private String reconfSlowPeerParameters(String property, String newVal)
throws ReconfigurationException {
String result = null;
try {
LOG.info("Reconfiguring {} to {}", property, newVal);
if (property.equals(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY)) {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dnConf, "DNConf has not been initialized.");
if (newVal != null && !newVal.equalsIgnoreCase("true")
&& !newVal.equalsIgnoreCase("false")) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a valid Boolean value for " + property +
" in reconfSlowPeerParameters");
}
boolean enable = (newVal == null ? DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_DEFAULT :
Boolean.parseBoolean(newVal));
result = Boolean.toString(enable);
dnConf.setPeerStatsEnabled(enable);
if (enable) {
// Create if it doesn't exist, overwrite if it does.
peerMetrics = DataNodePeerMetrics.create(getDisplayName(), getConf());
}
} else if (property.equals(DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY)) {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(peerMetrics, "DataNode peer stats may be disabled.");
long minNodes = (newVal == null ? DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_DEFAULT :
Long.parseLong(newVal));
result = Long.toString(minNodes);
peerMetrics.setMinOutlierDetectionNodes(minNodes);
} else if (property.equals(DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY)) {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(peerMetrics, "DataNode peer stats may be disabled.");
long threshold = (newVal == null ? DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_DEFAULT :
Long.parseLong(newVal));
result = Long.toString(threshold);
peerMetrics.setLowThresholdMs(threshold);
} else if (property.equals(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY)) {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(peerMetrics, "DataNode peer stats may be disabled.");
long minSamples = (newVal == null ?
DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_DEFAULT :
Long.parseLong(newVal));
result = Long.toString(minSamples);
peerMetrics.setMinOutlierDetectionSamples(minSamples);
}
LOG.info("RECONFIGURE* changed {} to {}", property, newVal);
return result;
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
throw new ReconfigurationException(property, newVal, getConf().get(property), e);
}
}
/**
* Get a list of the keys of the re-configurable properties in configuration.
*/
@ -3764,7 +3828,7 @@ void setBlockScanner(BlockScanner blockScanner) {
@Override // DataNodeMXBean
public String getSendPacketDownstreamAvgInfo() {
return peerMetrics != null ?
return dnConf.peerStatsEnabled && peerMetrics != null ?
peerMetrics.dumpSendPacketDownstreamAvgInfoAsJson() : null;
}

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@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ public void run() {
* the thread dies away.
*/
private void collectThreadLocalStates() {
if (datanode.getPeerMetrics() != null) {
if (datanode.getDnConf().peerStatsEnabled && datanode.getPeerMetrics() != null) {
datanode.getPeerMetrics().collectThreadLocalStates();
}
}

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@ -21,18 +21,23 @@
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.VisibleForTesting;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys;
import org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.MetricsJsonBuilder;
import org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.lib.MutableRollingAverages;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Preconditions;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY;
/**
* This class maintains DataNode peer metrics (e.g. numOps, AvgTime, etc.) for
@ -57,15 +62,15 @@ public class DataNodePeerMetrics {
* for outlier detection. If the number of samples is below this then
* outlier detection is skipped.
*/
private final long minOutlierDetectionSamples;
private volatile long minOutlierDetectionSamples;
/**
* Threshold in milliseconds below which a DataNode is definitely not slow.
*/
private final long lowThresholdMs;
private volatile long lowThresholdMs;
/**
* Minimum number of nodes to run outlier detection.
*/
private final long minOutlierDetectionNodes;
private volatile long minOutlierDetectionNodes;
public DataNodePeerMetrics(final String name, Configuration conf) {
this.name = name;
@ -73,11 +78,11 @@ public DataNodePeerMetrics(final String name, Configuration conf) {
DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_DEFAULT);
lowThresholdMs =
conf.getLong(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY,
DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_DEFAULT);
conf.getLong(DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_DEFAULT);
minOutlierDetectionNodes =
conf.getLong(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY,
DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_DEFAULT);
conf.getLong(DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_DEFAULT);
this.slowNodeDetector =
new OutlierDetector(minOutlierDetectionNodes, lowThresholdMs);
sendPacketDownstreamRollingAverages = new MutableRollingAverages("Time");
@ -87,7 +92,7 @@ public String name() {
return name;
}
long getMinOutlierDetectionSamples() {
public long getMinOutlierDetectionSamples() {
return minOutlierDetectionSamples;
}
@ -150,4 +155,38 @@ public Map<String, Double> getOutliers() {
public MutableRollingAverages getSendPacketDownstreamRollingAverages() {
return sendPacketDownstreamRollingAverages;
}
public void setMinOutlierDetectionNodes(long minNodes) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(minNodes > 0,
DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY + " should be larger than 0");
minOutlierDetectionNodes = minNodes;
this.slowNodeDetector.setMinNumResources(minNodes);
}
public long getMinOutlierDetectionNodes() {
return minOutlierDetectionNodes;
}
public void setLowThresholdMs(long thresholdMs) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(thresholdMs > 0,
DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY + " should be larger than 0");
lowThresholdMs = thresholdMs;
this.slowNodeDetector.setLowThresholdMs(thresholdMs);
}
public long getLowThresholdMs() {
return lowThresholdMs;
}
public void setMinOutlierDetectionSamples(long minSamples) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(minSamples > 0,
DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY +
" should be larger than 0");
minOutlierDetectionSamples = minSamples;
}
@VisibleForTesting
public OutlierDetector getSlowNodeDetector() {
return this.slowNodeDetector;
}
}

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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public class OutlierDetector {
/**
* Minimum number of resources to run outlier detection.
*/
private final long minNumResources;
private volatile long minNumResources;
/**
* The multiplier is from Leys, C. et al.
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public class OutlierDetector {
/**
* Threshold in milliseconds below which a node/ disk is definitely not slow.
*/
private final long lowThresholdMs;
private volatile long lowThresholdMs;
/**
* Deviation multiplier. A sample is considered to be an outlier if it
@ -180,4 +180,20 @@ public static Double computeMedian(List<Double> sortedValues) {
}
return median;
}
public void setMinNumResources(long minNodes) {
minNumResources = minNodes;
}
public long getMinOutlierDetectionNodes() {
return minNumResources;
}
public void setLowThresholdMs(long thresholdMs) {
lowThresholdMs = thresholdMs;
}
public long getLowThresholdMs() {
return lowThresholdMs;
}
}

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@ -28,7 +28,14 @@
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_BALANCE_MAX_NUM_CONCURRENT_MOVES_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MAX_RECEIVER_THREADS_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MAX_RECEIVER_THREADS_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_DEFAULT;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
@ -45,6 +52,7 @@
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.HdfsConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.MiniDFSCluster;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.MiniDFSNNTopology;
import org.apache.hadoop.test.LambdaTestUtils;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
@ -84,6 +92,7 @@ public void tearDown() throws Exception {
private void startDFSCluster(int numNameNodes, int numDataNodes)
throws IOException {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
conf.setBoolean(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY, true);
MiniDFSNNTopology nnTopology = MiniDFSNNTopology
.simpleFederatedTopology(numNameNodes);
@ -467,4 +476,82 @@ public void testCacheReportReconfiguration()
dn.getConf().get(DFS_CACHEREPORT_INTERVAL_MSEC_KEY));
}
}
@Test
public void testSlowPeerParameters() throws Exception {
String[] slowPeersParameters = {
DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY,
DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY};
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_DATA_NODE; i++) {
DataNode dn = cluster.getDataNodes().get(i);
// Try invalid values.
LambdaTestUtils.intercept(ReconfigurationException.class,
"Could not change property dfs.datanode.peer.stats.enabled from 'true' to 'text'",
() -> dn.reconfigureProperty(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY, "text"));
for (String parameter : slowPeersParameters) {
try {
dn.reconfigureProperty(parameter, "text");
fail("ReconfigurationException expected");
} catch (ReconfigurationException expected) {
assertTrue("expecting NumberFormatException",
expected.getCause() instanceof NumberFormatException);
}
try {
dn.reconfigureProperty(parameter, String.valueOf(-1));
fail("ReconfigurationException expected");
} catch (ReconfigurationException expected) {
assertTrue("expecting IllegalArgumentException",
expected.getCause() instanceof IllegalArgumentException);
}
}
// Change and verify properties.
dn.reconfigureProperty(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY, "false");
assertFalse(dn.getDnConf().peerStatsEnabled);
// Reset DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY to true.
dn.reconfigureProperty(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY, "true");
for (String parameter : slowPeersParameters) {
dn.reconfigureProperty(parameter, "123");
}
assertEquals(123, dn.getPeerMetrics().getMinOutlierDetectionNodes());
assertEquals(123, dn.getPeerMetrics().getLowThresholdMs());
assertEquals(123, dn.getPeerMetrics().getMinOutlierDetectionSamples());
assertEquals(123,
dn.getPeerMetrics().getSlowNodeDetector().getMinOutlierDetectionNodes());
assertEquals(123,
dn.getPeerMetrics().getSlowNodeDetector().getLowThresholdMs());
// Revert to default and verify.
dn.reconfigureProperty(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY, null);
assertEquals(String.format("expect %s is not configured",
DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY), null,
dn.getConf().get(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY));
// Reset DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY to true.
dn.reconfigureProperty(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_STATS_ENABLED_KEY, "true");
for (String parameter : slowPeersParameters) {
dn.reconfigureProperty(parameter, null);
}
assertEquals(String.format("expect %s is not configured",
DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY), null,
dn.getConf().get(DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_KEY));
assertEquals(String.format("expect %s is not configured",
DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY), null,
dn.getConf().get(DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_KEY));
assertEquals(String.format("expect %s is not configured",
DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY), null,
dn.getConf().get(DFS_DATANODE_PEER_METRICS_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_SAMPLES_KEY));
assertEquals(dn.getPeerMetrics().getSlowNodeDetector().getMinOutlierDetectionNodes(),
DFS_DATANODE_MIN_OUTLIER_DETECTION_NODES_DEFAULT);
assertEquals(dn.getPeerMetrics().getSlowNodeDetector().getLowThresholdMs(),
DFS_DATANODE_SLOWPEER_LOW_THRESHOLD_MS_DEFAULT);
}
}
}

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@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ public void testDataNodeGetReconfigurableProperties() throws IOException {
final List<String> outs = Lists.newArrayList();
final List<String> errs = Lists.newArrayList();
getReconfigurableProperties("datanode", address, outs, errs);
assertEquals(8, outs.size());
assertEquals(12, outs.size());
assertEquals(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_DATA_DIR_KEY, outs.get(1));
}